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What is game theory?
Game theory is a set of analytical tools developed for understanding situations of interactions between (rational) individual decision makers (economic agents, social entities, participants to a game...), initially by John von Neuman[Von Neuman, 1944], and by John Nash[Nash, 1950] in his Ph.D. thesis. And, it became a very large field of applied mathematics and economics.
Why game theory?
Interactions, interactions, interactions... are everywhere!
Games that humans invent of course, hence the name, but also